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6．Universal States11

ⅩⅩⅢ．Ends or Means？11

ⅩⅩⅣ．The Mirage of Immortality14

ⅩⅩⅤ．Sic vos non vobis21

1．The Conductivity of Universal States21

2．The Psychology of Peace25

3．The Serviceability of Imperial Institutions32

Communications32

Garrisons and Colonies38

Provinces44

Capital Cities49

Official Languages and Scripts57

Law63

Calendars；Weights and Measures；Money68

Standing Armies78

Civil Services82

Citizenships88

7．Universal Churches91

ⅩⅩⅥ．Alternative Conceptions of the Relation of Universal Churches to Civilizations91

1．Churches as Cancers91

2．Churches as Chrysalises97

3．Churches as a Higher Species of Society103

a．A New Classification103

b．The Significance of the Churches'Past109

c．The Conflict between Heart and Head111

d．The Promise of the Churches'Future120

ⅩⅩⅦ．The Role of Civilizations in the Lives of Churches126

1．Civilizations as Overtures126

2．Civilizations as Regressions128

ⅩⅩⅧ．The Challenge of Militancy on Earth131

3．Heroic AgesⅩⅨ．The Course of the Tragedy137

1．A Social Barrage137

2．The Accumulation of Pressure141

3．The Cataclysm and its Consequences148

4．Fancy and Fact155

NOTE：'The Monstrous Regiment of Women'161

9．Contacts Between Civilizations in Space163

ⅩⅩⅩ．An Expansion of the Field of Study163

ⅩⅩⅪ．A Survey of Encounters between Contemporary Civilizations166

1．A Plan of Operations166

2．Operations according to Plan170

a．Encounters with the Modern Western Civilization170

ⅰ．The Modern West and Russia170

ⅱ．The Modern West and the Main Body of Orthodox Christendom173

ⅲ．The Modern West and the Hindu World179

ⅳ．The Modern West and the Islamic World187

ⅴ．The Modern West and the Jews192

ⅵ．The Modern West and the Far Eastern and Indigenous American Civilizations201

ⅶ．Characteristics of the Encounters be-tween the Modern West and its Con-temporaries207

b．Encounters with Medieval Western Christ-tendom210

ⅰ．The Flow and Ebb of the Crusades210

ⅱ．The Medieval West and the Syriac World214

ⅲ．The Medieval West and Greek Orthodox Christendom216

c．Encounters between Civilizations of the First Two Generations223

ⅰ．Encounters with the Post-Alexandrine Hellenic Civilization223

ⅱ．Encounters with the Pre-Alexandrine Hellenic Civilization227

ⅲ．Tares and Wheat234

ⅩⅩⅫ．The Drama of Encounters between Contemporaries236

1．Concatenations of Encounters236

2．Diversities of Response238

ⅩⅩⅩⅢ．The Consequences of Encounters between Contemporaries243

1．Aftermaths of Unsuccessful Assaults243

2．Aftermaths of Successful Assaults244

a．Effects on the Body Social244

b．Responses of the Soul252

ⅰ．Dehumanization252

ⅱ．Zealotism and Herodianism256

ⅲ．Evangelism262

NOTE：'Asia'and'Europe'：Facts and Fantasies264

10．Contacts Between Civilizations in Time267

ⅩⅩⅩⅣ．A Survey of Renaissances267

1．Introduction—'The Renaissance'267

2．Renaissances of Political Ideas and Institutions268

3．Renaissances of Systems of Law270

4．Renaissances of Philosophies274

5．Renaissances of Languages and Literatures276

6．Renaissances of Visual Arts282

7．Renaissances of Religious Ideals and Institutions285

11．Law and Freedom in History289

ⅩⅩⅩⅤ．The Problem289

1．The Meaning of'Law'289

2．The Antinomianism of Modern Western Historians290

ⅩⅩⅩⅥ．The Amenability of Human Affairs to'Laws of Nature'297

1．A Survey of the Evidence297

a．The Private Affairs of Individuals297

b．The Industrial Affairs of a Modern Western Society298

c．The Rivalries of Parochial States：the Bal-ance of Power299

d．The Disintegrations of Civilizations301

e．The Growths of Civilizations303

f．'There is no armour against Fate'306

2．Possible Explanations of the Currency of 'Laws of Nature'in History309

3．Are Laws of Nature current in History inexor-able or controllable？319

ⅩⅩⅩⅧ．The Recalcitrance of Human Nature to Laws of Nature324

ⅩⅩⅩⅧ．The Law of God331

12．The Prospects of the Western Civilization334

ⅩⅩⅩⅨ．The Need for this Inquiry334

ⅩL．The Inconclusiveness of"a priori"Answers339

ⅩLⅠ．The Testimony of the Histories of the Civilizations344

1．Western Experiences with Non-Western Precedents344

2．Unprecedented Western Experiences352

ⅩLⅡ．Technology,War,and Government354

1．Prospects of a Third World War354

2．Towards a Future World Order359

ⅩLⅢ．Technology,Class Conflict,and Employment365

1．The Nature of the Problem365

2．Mechanization and Private Enterprise367

3．Alternative Approaches to Social Harmony372

4．Possible Costs of Social Justice374

5．Living happy ever after？379

13．Conclusion384

ⅩLⅣ．How this Book came to be Written384

Argument390

Index431