数值分析导论 第2版 英文【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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1 Error Analysis1

1.1 Representation of Numbers2

1.2 Roundoff Errors and Floating-Point Arithmetic5

1.3 Error Propagation9

1.4 Examples20

1.5 Interval Arithmetic;Statistical Roundoff Estimation27

Exercises for Chapter 133

References for Chapter 136

2 Interpolation37

2.1 Interpolation by Polynomials38

2.1.1 Theoretical Foundation:The Interpolation Formula of Lagrange38

2.1.2 Neville's Algorithm40

2.1.3 Newton's Interpolation Formula:Divided Differences43

2.1.4 The Error in Polynomial Interpolation49

2.1.5 Hermite Interpolation52

2.2 Interpolation by Rational Functions58

2.2.1 General Properties of Rational Interpolation58

2.2.2 Inverse and Reciprocal Differences.Thiele's Continued Fraction63

2.2.3 Algorithms of the Neville Type67

2.2.4 Comparing Rational and Polynomial Interpolations71

2.3 Trigonometric Interpolation72

2.3.1 Basic Facts72

2.3.2 Fast Fourier Transforms78

2.3.3 The Algorithms of Goertzel and Reinsch84

2.3.4 The Calculation of Fourier Coefficients.Attenuation Factors88

2.4 Interpolation by Spline Functions93

2.4.1 Theoretical Foundations93

2.4.2 Determining Interpolating Cubic Spline Functions97

2.4.3 Convergence Properties of Cubic Spline Functions102

2.4.4 B-Splines107

2.4.5 The Computation of B-Splines110

Exercises for Chapter 2114

References for Chapter 2123

3 Topics in Integration125

3.1 The Integration Formulas of Newton and Cotes126

3.2 Peano's Error Representation131

3.3 The Euler-Maclaurin Summation Formula135

3.4 Integrating by Extrapolation139

3.5 About Extrapolation Methods144

3.6 Gaussian Integration Methods150

3.7 Integrals with Singularities160

Exercises for Chapter 3162

References for Chapter 3166

4 Systems of Linear Equations167

4.1 Gaussian Elimination.The Triangular Decomposition of a Matrix167

4.2 The Gauss-Jordan Algorithm177

4.3 The Cholesky Decomposition180

4.4 Error Bounds183

4.5 Roundoff-Error Analysis for Gaussian Elimination191

4.6 Roundoff Errors in Solving Triangular Systems196

4.7 Orthogonalization Techniques of Householder and Gram-Schmidt198

4.8 Data Fitting205

4.8.1 Linear Least Squares.The Normal Equations207

4.8.2 The Use of Orthogonalization in Solving Linear Least-Squares Problems209

4.8.3 The Condition of the Linear Least-Squares Problem210

4.8.4 Nonlinear Least-Squares Problems217

4.8.5 The Pseudoinverse of a Matrix218

4.9 Modification Techniques for Matrix Decompositions221

4.10 The Simplex Method230

4.11 Phase One of the Simplex Method241

Appendix to Chapter 4245

4.A Elimination Methods for Sparse Matrices245

Exercises for Chapter 4253

References for Chapter 4258

5 Finding Zeros and Minimum Points by Iterative Methods260

5.1 The Development of Iterative Methods261

5.2 General Convergence Theorems264

5.3 The Convergence of Newton's Method in Several Variables269

5.4 A Modified Newton Method272

5.4.1 On the Convergence of Minimization Methods273

5.4.2 Application of the Convergence Criteria to the Modified Newton Method278

5.4.3 Suggestions for a Practical Implementation of the Modified Newton Method.A Rank-One Method Due to Broyden282

5.5 Roots of Polynomials.Application of Newton's Method286

5.6 Sturm Sequences and Bisection Methods297

5.7 Bairstow's Method301

5.8 The Sensitivity of Polynomial Roots303

5.9 Interpolation Methods for Determining Roots306

5.10 The △2-Method of Aitken312

5.11 Minimization Problems without Constraints316

Exercises for Chapter 5325

References for Chapter 5328

6 Eigenvalue Problems330

6.0 Introduction330

6.1 Basic Facts on Eigenvalues332

6.2 The Jordan Normal Form of a Matrix335

6.3 The Frobenius Normal Form of a Matrix340

6.4 The Schur Normal Form of a Matrix;Hermitian and Normal Matrices;Singular Values of Matrices345

6.5 Reduction of Matrices to Simpler Form351

6.5.1 Reduction of a Hermitian Matrix to Tridiagonal Form:The Method of Householder353

6.5.2 Reduction of a Hermitian Matrix to Tridiagonal or Diagonal Form:The Methods of Givens and Jacobi358

6.5.3 Reduction of a Hermitian Matrix to Tridiagonal Form:The Method of Lanczos362

6.5.4 Reduction to Hessenberg Form366

6.6 Methods for Determining the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors370

6.6.1 Computation of the Eigenvalues of a Hermitian Tridiagonal Matrix370

6.6.2 Computation of the Eigenvalues of a Hessenberg Matrix.The Method of Hyman372

6.6.3 Simple Vector Iteration and Inverse Iteration of Wielandt373

6.6.4 The LR and QR Methods380

6.6.5 The Practical Implementation of the QR Method389

6.7 Computation of the Singular Values of a Matrix400

6.8 Generalized Eigenvalue Problems405

6.9 Estimation of Eigenvalues406

Exercises for Chapter 6419

References for Chapter 6425

7 Ordinary Differential Equations428

7.0 Introduction428

7.1 Some Theorems from the Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations430

7.2 Initial-Value Problems434

7.2.1 One-Step Methods:Basic Concepts434

7.2.2 Convergence of One-Step Methods439

7.2.3 Asymptotic Expansions for the Global Discretization Error of One-Step Methods443

7.2.4 The Influence of Rounding Errors in One-Step Methods445

7.2.5 Practical Implementation of One-Step Methods448

7.2.6 Multistep Methods:Examples455

7.2.7 General Multistep Methods458

7.2.8 An Example of Divergence461

7.2.9 Linear Difference Equations464

7.2.10 Convergence of Multistep Methods467

7.2.11 Linear Multistep Methods471

7.2.12 Asymptotic Expansions of the Global Discretization Error for Linear Multistep Methods476

7.2.13 Practical Implementation of Multistep Methods481

7.2.14 ExtrapolationMethodsfortheSolutionoftheInitial-ValueProblem484

7.2.15 Comparison of Methods for Solving Initial-Value Problems487

7.2.16 Stiff Differential Equations488

7.2.17 Implicit Differential Equations.Differential-Algebraic Equations494

7.3 Boundary-Value Problems499

7.3.0 Introduction499

7.3.1 The Simple Shooting Method502

7.3.2 The Simple Shooting Method for Linear Boundary-Value Problems507

7.3.3 An Existence and Uniqueness Theorem for the Solution of Boundary-Value Problems509

7.3.4 Difficulties in the Execution of the Simple Shooting Method511

7.3.5 The Multiple Shooting Method516

7.3.6 Hints for the Practical Implementation of the Multiple Shooting Method520

7.3.7 An Example:Optimal Control Program for a Lifting Reentry Space Vehicle524

7.3.8 The Limiting Case m→∞ of the Multiple Shooting Method(General Newton's Method,Quasilinearization) 531

7.4 Difference Methods535

7.5 Variational Methods540

7.6 Comparison of the Methods for Solving Boundary-Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations549

7.7 Variational Methods for Partial Differential Equations.The Finite-Element Method553

Exercises for Chapter 7560

References for Chapter 7566

8 Iterative Methods for the Solution of Large Systems of Linear Equations.Some Further Methods570

8.0 Introduction570

8.1 General Procedures for the Construction of Iterative Methods571

8.2 Convergence Theorems574

8.3 Relaxation Methods579

8.4 Applications to Difference Methods—An Example588

8.5 Block Iterative Methods594

8.6 The ADI-Method of Peaceman and Rachford597

8.7 The Conjugate-Gradient Method of Hestenes and Stiefel606

8.8 The Algorithm of Buneman for the Solution of the Discretized Poisson Equation614

8.9 Multigrid Methods622

8.10 Comparison of Iterative Methods632

Exercises for Chapter 8636

References for Chapter 8643

General Literature on Numerical Methods646

Index648