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Introduction1

ONE C++ Primer PartⅠ:Basics8

1.1 Object-Oriented Program structure8

1.2 Functions9

1.3 Running the First Example12

1.4 Statements12

1.5 The while Statement13

1.6 Simple Conditional Statements16

1.7 Characters and Character Input and Output17

1.8 More Basic Constructs20

1.9 Data Types and Declarations26

1.10 Operators and Expressions29

1.11 Enumerations35

1.12 Arrays37

1.13 Pointers40

1.14 An Example41

1.15 Iteration Control42

1.16 Choices by switch46

1.17 Summary48

Exercises48

TWO C++ Primer PartⅡ:Object-Based Programming51

2.1 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation51

2.2 Function Calls and Argument Passing58

2.3 Command-Line Arguments61

2.4 Environment Variables62

2.5 The string Class63

2.6 Problem Solving with Objects65

2.7 C++ I/O Streams70

2.8 Error Handling70

2.9 Object-Based Thinking73

2.10 C++ Programming Tips74

2.11 Summary77

Exercises78

THREE Key Constructs80

3.1 Identifier Scoping81

3.2 Namespaces84

3.3 More on Declarations86

3.4 Recursion89

3.5 A Class of Fractions93

3.6 Optional and Variable-Length Arguments97

3.7 Overloading Functions99

3.8 References102

3.9 Read-Only Variables and Parameters103

3.10 The typedef Declaration105

3.11 Storage Allocation and Management106

3.12 A Circular Buffer109

3.13 Implicit Type Conversions114

3.14 Explicit Type Cast116

3.15 How to Use Header Files117

3.16 Summary119

Exercises120

FOUR Arrays,Pointers,and Generic Code123

4.1 Array Concepts and Declarations123

4.2 Pointers and Address Arithmetic125

4.3 Two-Dimensional Arrays133

4.4 A Matrix Class135

4.5 A Class of Polynomials138

4.6 Array Objects:vector141

4.7 Sorting Text Lines with Objects143

4.8 Pointers and Function Calls151

4.9 Arrays,Pointers,and References154

4.10 Multiple Indirection154

4.11 Generic Programs156

4.12 A Generic Sorting Program162

4.13 Pointers and Dynamically Allocated Storage165

4.14 Summary168

Exercises169

5.1 Defining Classes172

FIVE Classes and Objects172

5.2 Creating and Initializing Objects175

5.3 The Host Object181

5.4 Internal-External Decoupling182

5.5 Pocket Calculator Simulation183

5.6 Built-in Operations for Objects192

5.7 Object Destruction193

5.8 Friends of a Class195

5.9 Recursive Structures197

5.10 Instance and Static Members204

5.11 The Size of Objects210

5.12 Generic Lists211

5.14 Summary216

5.13 Unions and Bit Fields216

Exercises217

SIX I/O Streams and the Standard Library219

6.1 Different Header Files219

6.2 C-Style String Input and Output220

6.3 String Objects222

6.4 A String Tokenizer225

6.5 Operations on Characters228

6.6 Numeric Computations229

6.7 The I/O Stream Library230

6.8 Stream I/O for Objects240

6.9 I/O Manipulators242

6.10 Summary244

Exercises245

SEVEN Inheritance and Class Derivation248

7.1 Class Derivation249

7.2 Derived Classes and Objects252

7.3 Public Derivation255

7.4 Derivation Principles258

7.5 Access Control Under Class Derivation259

7.6 Private Derivation261

7.7 Specialization of Generic Classes263

7.8 Type Relations Under Inheritance265

7.9 Assignment of Objects267

7.10 Copying of Objects271

7.11 Derived-Object Assignment and Copying274

7.12 Object Assignment and Copying via Derivation276

7.13 Multiple Inheritance278

7.14 The I/O Stream Class Hierarchy282

7.15 Summary283

Exercises284

EIGHT Operator Overloading,Iterators,and Exceptions287

8.1 Operator Overloading287

8.2 A Reference-Count String Class290

8.3 Overloading []293

8.4 Overloading ++ and --294

8.5 Smart Pointers295

8.6 Iterators296

8.7 Nested and Local Classes299

8.8 Robust Classes302

8.9 User-Defined Type Conversions303

8.10 Error and Exception Handling306

8.11 Matrix with Exceptions314

8.12 Managing Free Storage316

8.13 Summary319

Exercises320

NINE OOP Techniques322

9.1 Programming with Plug-Compatible Objects322

9.2 Run-Time Type Identification330

9.3 A Generic Tree335

9.4 Planning Uniform Public Interfaces343

9.5 Destruction of Plug-Compatible Objects352

9.6 Ordering Text Lines354

9.7 Interfaces357

9.8 Understanding Virtual Functions359

9.9 Inheritance Planning361

9.10 Object-Family Classes363

9.11 Summary371

Exercises372

TEN Templates375

10.1 Basic Concepts375

10.2 Function Templates377

10.3 Class Templates383

10.4 Template Compilation388

10.5 A List Template390

10.6 Class Template Specialization397

10.7 Derived-Class Template397

10.8 A Generic Hash Table400

10.9 Generic Programming Approaches407

10.10 Summary409

Exercises409

ELEVEN Standard Containers413

11.1 The STL413

11.2 Standard Container Headers414

11.3 Efficiency of Sequence Containers416

11.4 Using stack417

11.5 Associative Containers418

11.6 Standard Container Iterators and typedefs421

11.7 Generic Algorithms for Containers426

11.8 Ordered Sets429

11.9 Standard Functors431

11.11 Pointers to Members434

11.10 For More STL Information434

11.12 Instance Functions as Functors439

11.13 Summary439

Exercises440

TWELVE Web CGI Programming442

12.1 About Networking442

12.2 Internet Basics444

12.3 The World-Wide Web446

12.4 What Is HTML?448

12.5 Dynamic Generation of Web Pages450

12.6 HTML Produced from C++452

12.7 Forms in HTML455

12.8 HTTP Message Formats456

12.9 Writing CGI Programs458

12.10 Receiving Form Data459

12.11 User Feedback Handling461

12.12 More Information464

12.13 Summary465

Exercises465

THIRTEEN Object-Oriented Design467

13.1 Decomposition Approaches468

13.2 Object-Oriented Design Principles469

13.3 Design Patterns472

13.4 The CRC Method474

13.5 interfacing to Existing Systems475

13.6 Pocket Calculator Simulation479

Exercises488

13.7 Summary488

FOURTEEN Compiling and Preprocessing490

14.1 Compiling and Running C++ Programs490

14.2 Preprocessing492

14.3 Header Files493

14.4 Symbolic Constants and Macros494

14.3 Inline Functions Versus Macros496

14.6 Conditional Text Inclusion497

14.7 Once-Only Header Files500

14.8 Standard Macros500

14.9 Compilation and Execution502

14.10 Summary506

Exercises507

A Summary of C++ Constructs509

APPENDICES509

B Summary of Special Member Functions515

C C-Style Strings516

D Unions and Bit Fields519

E Interactive Debugging with dbx525

F Functions with a Variable Number of Arguments528

G Operator Precedence531

H Implicit Type Conversions532

I C++ Library Functions Common with C534

J C-Style Input/Output542

K Interfacing C++ and C Programs547

L Header Files551

Index552