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Chapter 1 Introduction5

Part Ⅰ: Introduction to Remote Access Networks5

Part Ⅱ: Identifying Cisco Solutions to Remote Access Needs5

Part Ⅲ: Enabling On-Demand Connections to the Central Site6

Part Ⅳ: Enhancing On-Demand Connectivity6

Part Ⅴ: Enabling Permanent Connections to the Central Site7

Part Ⅵ: Scaling Remote Access Networks7

Appendixes8

Case Studies and Review Questions8

Who Should Read this Book?10

Conventions Used in this Book10

Illustration Iconography10

Command Syntax Conventions11

Author's Notes,Key Concepts,Notes,and Warnings12

Chapter 2 Selecting Cisco Products for Remote Connections17

Remote Access Overview17

Defining WAN Connection Types18

Dedicated Connections18

Circuit-Switched Connections20

Packet-Switched Connections22

Defining WAN Encapsulation Protocols23

PPP Encapsulation24

X.25 and Frame Encapsulations24

Determining the WAN Type to Use25

Selecting WAN Configuration Types25

WAN Connections—Speed Comparison26

WAN Connections Summary27

Identifying Site Requirements27

Central Site Considerations28

Branch Office Considerations29

Telecommuter Site Considerations31

Selecting Cisco Remote Access Solutions31

Determining the Appropriate Interfaces—Fixed Interfaces34

Determining the Appropriate Interfaces—Modular Interfaces34

Selecting Products with Cisco Product-Selection Tools35

Product Selection Tool Example36

Summary37

Review Questions37

Chapter 3 Assembling and Cabling the WAN Components39

Network Overview40

Identifying Company Site Equipment40

Central Site Router Equipment41

Branch Office Router Equipment42

Telecommuter Site Router Equipment43

Assembling and Cabling the Network43

Verifying Network Installation45

Verifying Central Site Installation45

Verifying Branch Office Installation47

Verifying Telecommuter Site Installation48

Summary50

Review Questions50

Chapter 4 Configuring Asynchronous Connections with Modems55

Modem Overview56

Modem Signaling and Cabling58

Data Transfer Group59

Flow Control Group59

Modem Control Group60

Communication Termination60

Modem Operation61

Communication Wiring and Cabling62

Modem Modulation Standards66

Error Control and Data Compression67

Configuration for Asynchronous Connections69

EXEC Connection Commands71

Line Types and Numbering72

Router Configuration75

Interface Async and Line Configuration75

Basic Async Configuration—Router Preparation76

Basic Async Configuration—Modem Preparation77

Manual Configuration of Modems78

Automatic Configuration of Modems81

Chat-Scripts for Async Lines86

Verifying and Debugging Modem Autoconfiguration88

Troubleshooting Modem Autoconfiguration89

Summary90

Case Study 4-1—Configuring Asynchronous Connections with Modems90

Scenario90

Task 1—Setting Up the Initial Configuration of the Central Site Router90

Task 2—Configuring the Serial Interface and Line91

Task 3—Configuring the Central Site Modem91

Task 4—Configuring the PC Modem and Connecting to Central Site91

Task 5—Simplifying Router Modem Configuration with Autoconfigure91

Solution to Case Study 4-1—Configuring Asynchronous Connections with Modems92

Task 1 Solution—Setting Up the Initial Configuration of the Central Site Router92

Task 2 Solution—Configuring the Serial Interface and Line93

Task 3 Solution—Configuring the Central Site Modem94

Task 4 Solution—Configuring the PC Modem94

Task 5 Solution—Simplifying Router Modem Configuration with Autoconfigure96

Case Study Conclusion96

Case Study 4-2—Configuring Remote WAN Routers96

Scenario96

Solution to Case Study 4-2—Configuring Remote WAN Routers97

Solution Summary101

Review Questions101

Chapter 5 Configuring Point-to-Point Protocol and Controlling Network Access103

PPP Overview103

PPP Architecture104

PPP Mechanisms104

PPP Functional Components105

Related RFCs106

Configuring Cisco Access Servers106

Enabling PPP108

Configuring Dedicated or Interactive PPP (and SLIP) Sessions108

Configuring the Interface Addressing Method for Local Devices109

Configuring the Interface-Addressing Method for Remote Devices110

PPP Link Control Protocol Options111

PAP and CHAP Authentication112

Configuring PAP Authentication113

Configuring CHAP Authentication115

PPP Callback121

Callback: How Does it work?122

Configuring Async Callback124

PPP Compression127

Configuring Compression128

PPP Multilink129

Multilink Operation and Configuration130

Verifying and Troubleshooting PPP131

Summary133

Case Study—Configuring PPP and Controlling Network Access with CHAP134

Scenario134

Task 1—Configuring PPP on Your Central Site Router135

Task 2—Configuring Your Central Site Router to Accept Telnet Connections135

Task 3—Verifying Your PPP Configuration136

Solution to Case Study—Configuring PPP and Controlling Network Access with CHAP136

Task 1 Solution—Configuring PPP on Your Central Site Router136

Task 2 Solution—Configuring Your Central Site Router to Accept Telnet Connections138

Task 3 Solution—Verifying Your PPP Configuration138

Case Study Conclusion140

Supplement 5-1—IP Address Negotiations140

Supplement 5-2—Authentication Process with Windows 95 and Cisco Routers141

Review Questions142

Chapter 6 Accessing the Central Site with Windows 95145

Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking Overview146

The Basics146

The Issues146

LAN Connection Protocols147

Configuring a Windows 95 Dial-Up Connection148

Configuring a Windows 95 Dial-Up Client149

Verifying a Windows 95 Dial-Up Connection151

Summary152

Configuring a Windows 95 Dial-Up Connection Using ISDN and DDR to Enhance Remote Connectivity153

Scenario153

Task 1—Setting Up Windows 95 with Your Network and Dialing154

Task 2—Setting Dial-Up Connection Properties154

Task 3—Making the Connection154

Solution to Case Study—Configuring a Windows 95 Dial-Up Connection155

Task 1 Solution—Setting Up Windows 95 with Your Network and Dialing155

Task 2 Solution—Setting Dial-Up Connection Properties157

Task 3 Solution—Making the Connection159

Review Questions161

Chapter 7 Using ISDN and DDR Technologies to Enhance Remote Connectivity165

ISDN Overview165

ISDN versus Asynchronous165

SDN Services and Channelized E1 and T1167

BRI Call Processing169

BRI Functional Groups and Reference Points170

PRI—Reference Points173

ISDN Protocol Layers174

ISDN Layer 1174

ISDN Layer 2176

ISDN Layer 3—Channel Q.931177

ISDN Call Setup177

ISDN Call Teardown178

ISDN BRI and DDR Overview179

Configuring an ISDN BRI181

Step 1—Selecting the ISDN Switch Type182

Step 2—Configuring the Interface183

Step 3—Setting the Service Profile Identifiers (SPID), If Necessary184

Step 4—Setting the Encapsulation Protocol185

Configuring Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR)185

Step 1—Defining what Constitutes Interesting Traffic186

Step 2—Assigning the Dialer-List to an Interface187

Step 3—Defining Destination Parameters187

Step 4—Defining Optional Call Parameters188

Static and Default Routing189

Static Route189

Default Route190

Setting Route Redistribution190

Deactivating Routing Updates191

Configuring a Router for Initiating an ISDN Call192

Using an Extended Access-List to Define a Dialer-List194

Optional Configurations196

B Channel Aggregation196

ISDN Caller Identification200

Called-Party Number Answering201

ISDN Rate Adaptation202

Monitoring the 1SDN Interface203

The show interface bri Command203

The show isdn status Command205

Verifying PPP Multilink206

Troubleshooting Multilink PPP208

ISDN debug Commands209

ISDN Primary Rate Interface210

Selecting the PRI switch211

Selecting the ISDN PRI Controller for Configuration211

Configuring the Framing, Linecoding, and Clocking of the Controller212

Additional ISDN PRI Configuration Parameters213

PRI Configuration Example215

Summary216

Case Study—Using 1SDN and DDR to Enhance Remote Connectivity216

Scenario218

Task 1—Configuring ISDN BRI On Your Branch Office Router218

Task 2—Configuring ISDN PRI on Your Central Site Router219

Task 3—Verifying the ISDN Connection220

Solution to Case Study—Using ISDN and DDR to Enhance Remote Connectivity220

Task 1 Solution—Configuring ISDN BRI on your Branch Office Router221

Task 2 Solution—Configuring ISDN PRI on Your Central Site Router223

Task 3 Solution—Verifying the ISDN Connection227

Case Study Conclusion231

Review Questions231

Chapter 8 Optimizing the Use of DDR Interface—Dialer Profiles and Rotary Groups233

Dialer Rotary Overview234

Creating and Configuring a Rotary Group234

Configuring the Interface Dialer235

Dealing with Dialer Timers236

Dialer Profile Overview238

Components of Dialer Profile239

Example of Dialer Profile Configuration246

Verifying a Dialer Profile Configuration247

Summary248

Case Study—Using Dialer Profiles to Enhance DDR248

Scenario249

Task249

Solution to Case Study—Using Dialer Profiles to Enhance DDR250

Case Study Conclusion255

Review Questions255

Chapter 9 Configuring a Cisco 700 Series Router257

Cisco 700 Series Overview257

Cisco 700 Series Features259

Networking Features259

Routing and WAN Features260

ISDN and Telephony Features261

Cisco IOS-700 Release 4.x—Summary of Features261

Profile Overview262

Cisco 700 User Interface267

Configuring the Cisco 700 Series267

System Level Configuration268

LAN Profile Configuration269

User Profile Configuration273

Cisco 700—Configuration Example277

Additional Interface Configuration278

Caller ID279

PPP Callback No Authorization280

PPP Callback—Receive Number Authorization280

Cisco 700 and Cisco IOS Configuration Examples281

IP Traffic with CHAP Authentication between a Cisco 700 and an IOS-Based Router281

IP Traffic with PAP Authentication between Two Cisco 700s285

IPX Traffic with CHAP Authentication between a Cisco 700 and an IOS-based Router286

Authentication Quick Reference Guide288

Monitoring IP Routing290

Cisco 700 Series and DHCP291

Cisco 700—DHCP Functionality291

Summary296

Case Study—Configuring a Cisco 700 Series Router296

Scenario297

Task 1—Resetting the Cisco 700 to Default Settings297

Task 2—Configuring the Cisco 700 to Communicate with the Central Site Router297

Task 3—Configuring the Cisco 3640 to Communicate with the Cisco 700298

Task 4—Placing a Manual ISDN Call from the Cisco 700299

Task 5—Configuring the Cisco 700 to Receive Incoming Calls from the Central Site299

Solution to Case Study—Configuring a Cisco 700 Series Router299

Task 1 Solution—Resetting the Cisco 700 to Default Settings299

Task 2 Solution—Configuring the Cisco 700 to Communicate with the Central Site Router300

Task 3 Solution—Configuring the Cisco 3640 to Communicate with the Cisco 700301

Task 4 Solution—Placing a Manual ISDN Call from the Cisco 700302

Task 5 Solution—Configuring the Cisco 700 to Receive Incoming Calls from the Central Site302

Case Study Conclusion308

Review Questions308

Chapter 10 Using X.25 for Remote Access313

X.25 Overview313

X.25 Protocol Stack314

X.25 DTE and DCE315

The Packet Assembler/Deassembler (PAD)316

X.121—The X.25 Addressing Standard317

X.25 Encapsulation318

X.25 Virtual Circuits319

Single Protocol Virtual Circuits320

Multiprotocol Virtual Circuits320

Configuring X.25321

Configuring the X.121 address321

Configuring X.25 SVCs322

Configuring X.25 PVCs325

Additional X.25 Configuration Tasks326

Configuring X.25 VC Ranges327

Configuring X.25 Packet Sizes328

Configuring Window Parameters329

Additional X.25 Configuration Options Example330

Verifying X.25 Configuration330

Summary331

Case Study—Using X.25 for Remote Access331

Scenario331

Task 1—Configuring X.25 at the Central Site332

Task 2—Configuring X.25 at the Branch Office333

Solution to Case Study—Using X.25 for Remote Access333

Task 1 Solution—Configuring X.25 at the Central Site333

Task 2 Solution—Configuring X.25 at the Branch Office335

Review Questions337

Chapter 11 Frame Relay Connection and Traffic Flow Control339

Frame Relay Overview340

Frame Relay Operation341

Frame Relay Signaling343

Configuring Frame Relay345

Verifying Frame Relay Configuration and Operations348

show interface serial Command348

show frame-relay pvc Command349

show frame-relay map Command350

show frame-relay lmi Command350

Frame Relay Topologies350

Reachability Issues with Routing Updates352

Solution for Split Horizon Issues—Subinterfaces353

Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces354

Frame Relay Traffic-Shaping Overview357

Traffic Shaping and Flow Terminology358

Using Traffic Shaping over Frame Relay360

Configuring Frame Relay Traffic Shaping362

Ways to Define a Map Class363

Traffic Shaping Examples364

Rate Enforcement Example365

Dynamic Enforcement Example366

Queuing Example368

Verifying Frame Relay Traffic Shaping369

Case Study—Establishing a Dedicated Frame Relay Connection and Controlling Traffic Flow370

Scenario370

Task 1—onfiguring Frame Relay Subinterfaces on the Central Site Router371

Task 2—Configuring Frame Relay on the Branch Office Router371

Task 3—Verifying Frame Relay Operation372

Task 4—Enabling Frame Relay Traffic-Shaping BECN Support from the Central Site372

Solution to Case Study—Establishing a Dedicated Frame Relay Connection and Controlling Traffic Flow372

Task 1 Solution: Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces on the Central Site Router372

Task 2 Solution—Configuring Frame Relay on the Branch Office Router374

Task 3 Solution—Verifying Frame Relay Operation375

Task 4 Solution—Enabling Frame Relay Traffic-Shaping BECN Support from the Central Site376

Case Study Conclusion377

Review Questions377

Chapter 12 Enabling Backup to a Permanent Connection379

Dial Backup Overview379

Configuring Dial Backup379

Example of Dial Backup for Link Failure380

Activating a Dial Backup to Support Primary Line Traffic382

Example of Dial Backup for Excessive Traffic Load383

Backup Interface Operations384

Dialer Profiles as Backup Interfaces385

Configuring Dial Backup with Dialer Profiles386

Routing with the Load Backup Feature387

Load Backup with OSPF387

Load Backup with IGRP and EIGRP388

Verifying Dial Backup Configuration390

Summary391

Case Study—Enabling a Backup to a Permanent Connection391

Scenario391

Task 1—Prepare the Branch Office Router's BRI Interface to Be a Dial Backup392

Task 2—Establish a Backup Connection for the Central Site's Frame Relay Link393

Task 3—Verify and Enable the Dial Backup393

Solution to Case Study—Enabling a Backup to a Permanent Connection393

Task 1 Solution—Prepare the Branch Office Router's BRI Interface to Be a Dial Backup394

Task 2 Solution—Establish a Backup Connection for the Central Site's Frame Relay Link394

Task 3 Solution—Verify and Enable the Dial Backup395

Case Study Conclusion397

Review Question397

Chapter 13 Managing Network Performance with Queuing and Compression399

Queuing Overview399

The Need for Traffic Prioritization400

Establishing a Queuing Policy400

Choosing a Cisco IOS Queuing Option401

First In, First Out Queuing Overview402

Weighted Fair Queuing Overview402

Configuring Weighted Fair Queuing404

Priority Queuing Overview405

Configuring Priority Queuing407

Custom Queuing Overview411

Custom Queuing Operation411

Configuring Custom Queuing412

Custom Queuing Example415

Verifying Queuing Operation416

Queuing Comparison417

Optimizing Traffic Flow with Data Compression418

Compression Overview418

Link Compression Over a Point-to-Point Connection420

Payload Compression420

TCP IP Header Compression421

Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression421

Compression Considerations423

Configuring Data Compression424

Summary424

Case Study—Managing Network Performance with Queuing and Compression424

Scenario425

Task 1—Devise a Queuing Strategy425

Task 2—Verify Your Queuing Configuration425

Solution to Case Study—Managing Network Performance with Queuing and Compression426

Task 1 Solution—Devise a Queuing Strategy426

Task 2 Solution—Verify Your Queuing Configuration427

Example of Custom Queue Configuration428

Case Study Conclusion429

Review Questions429

Chapter 14 Scaling IP Addresses with Network Address Translation433

NAT Overview and Terminology434

NAT Implementation Considerations436

NAT Operation437

Traffic Types Supported in Cisco IOS NAT438

Translating Inside Local Addresses439

Overloading Inside Global Addresses441

TCP Load Distribution442

Handling Overlapping Networks443

Configuring NAT444

Static NAT Configuration444

Dynamic NAT Configuration446

Inside Global Address Overloading Configuration447

TCP Load Distribution Configuration448

NAT to Translate Overlapping Addresses Configuration449

Verifying and Troubleshooting NAT451

Verifying NAT451

Troubleshooting NAT452

Clearing NAT Translation Entries453

Configuring and Troubleshooting PAT On the 700 Router454

PAT Porthandler Operation455

Configuring PAT455

Monitoring PAT456

Summary457

Case Study—Scaling IP Addresses with Network Address Translation457

Scenario457

Task 1—Configuring Static Network Address Translation on the Branch Office Router458

Task 2—Configuring Dynamic Network Address Translation on the Branch Office Router458

Solution to Case Study—Scaling IP Addresses with Network Address Translation458

Task 1 Solution—Configuring Static Network Address Translation on the Branch Office Router458

Task 2 Solution—Configuring Dynamic Network Address Translation on the Branch Office Router460

Case Study Conclusion460

Review Questions461

Chapter 15 Using AAA to Scale Access Control in an Expanding Network463

Overview of Cisco Access Control Solutions463

Overview of Cisco Secure465

Understanding AAA467

Router Access Modes467

Configuring AAA468

Enabling AAA and Identifying the Server468

AAA Authentication Commands469

AAA Authorization Commands473

AAA Accounting Commands476

AAA and Virtual Profiles477

Summary479

Case Study—Using AAA to Scale Access Control in an Expanding Network479

Scenario479

Task 1—Configure the Central Site Access Server for AAA480

Task 2—Verify the Console Back Door481

Task 3—Verify that a Valid Network Login Attempt Will Succeed481

Task 4—Verify that an Invalid Network Login Attempt Fails481

Case Study Solution—Using AAA to Scale Access Control in an Expanding Network481

Task 1—onfigure the Central Site Access Server for AAA481

Task 2—Verify the Console Back Door483

Task 3—Verify that a Valid Network Login Attempt will Succeed483

Task 4—Verify that an Invalid Network Login Attempt Fails483

Case Study Conclusion484

Review Questions484

Appendix A Summary of BCRAN Commands489

General Commands489

General Configuration Commands490

General Interface Configuration Commands491

General IP Commands493

IP Interface Configuration Command494

General AAA Commands494

General Line Configuration Commands495

Map-Class Command496

T1/E1 Controller Commands496

General WAN Commands496

WAN Configuration Commands497

Cisco 700 IOS System Commands498

Cisco 700 IOS Profile Commands499

Appendix B Summary of ICRC Commands503

General Commands503

General Configuration Commands505

General Interface Configuration Commands506

General IP Commands506

IP Configuration Commands507

General IPX Commands508

IPX Configuration Commands508

General AppleTalk Commands509

Apple Talk Configuration Commands509

General WAN Commands510

WAN Configuration Commands510

General DECnet Commands512

DECnet Configuration Commands513

General Vines Commands513

Vines Configuration Commands513

Appendix C Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model515

Characteristics of the OSI Layers516

Protocols516

OSI Model and Communication Between Systems517

Interaction between OSI Model Layers517

OSI Layer Services518

OSI Model Layers and Information Exchange519

OSI Model Physical Layer520

OSI Model Data Link Layer521

OSI Model Network Layer522

OSI Model Transport Layer522

OSI Model Session Layer522

OSI Model Presentation Layer523

OSI Model Application Layer523

Information Formats524

Appendix D AT Commands for Modems and Chat-Scripts527

Entering AT Commands527

AT Command Sets527

Modem Troubleshooting Tips545

Sample Modem Scripts546

Appendix E RFC List557

Appendix F Emerging and Complementary Technologies559

Cable Modems559

XDSL560

VPN and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol561

Mobile IP562

Easy IP562

Cisco DialOut Utility563

Multichassis Multilink PPP563

X.25 Over D Channel564

Appendix G X.25 and Frame Relay Switching567

Setting Up the Router as an X.25 Switch567

Complete X.25 Switch Configuration568

Setting up the Router as a Frame Relay Switch569

Configuring Switching570

Frame Relay Switching Example571

Complete Frame Relay Switch Configuration572

Appendix H Answers to Review Questions575

Chapter 2—Selecting Cisco Products for Remote Connections575

Chapter 3—Assembling and Cabling the WAN Components576

Chapter 4—Configuring Asynchronous Connections with Modems576

Chapter 5—Configuring Point-to-Point Protocol and Controlling Network Access577

Chapter 6—Accessing the Central Site with Windows 95577

Chapter 7—Using ISDN and DDR Technologies to Enhance Remote Connectivity577

Chapter 8—Optimizing the Use of DDR Interface—Dialer Profiles and Rotary Groups578

Chapter 9—Configuring a Cisco 700 Series Router578

Chapter 10—Using X.25 for Remote Access579

Chapter 11—Frame Relay Connection and Traffic Flow Control579

Chapter 12—Enabling Backup to a Permanent Connection580

Chapter 13—Managing Network Performance with Queuing and Compression580

Chapter 14—Scaling IP Addresses with Network Address Translation580

Chapter 15—Using AAA to Scale Access Control in an Expanding Network581

Appendix I BCRAN Case Study Addresses and Dial-Up Phone Numbers583

Overview583

BCRAN Case Study Addresses and Dial-Up Phone Number Matrix, Part Ⅰ583

BCRAN Case Study Addresses and Dial-Up Phone Number Matrix, Part Ⅱ584

Pod Topology585

Glossary591

Index625